This article discusses approaches to assessing the seismic impact on the underground parts of buildings and structures and analyzes possible measures to minimize them. The development of promising methods of constructive seismic protection dictated by the imperative need and requirements of improving the safety of buildings and structures of enhanced security is given. Without knowledge of the real geodynamic risks (the impact of earthquakes, fluctuations in the level of groundwater), investing of funds in seismic safety will be ineffective. The main objective of the research is to develop a set of measures for assessing the seismic-geotechnical situation of the construction site due to the fact that at present: taking into account difficult ground conditions is estimated very roughly, the seismicity of the territory is determined by averaged indicators; geodynamic data (score) is insufficient for modeling and calculating the underground part of the building; there is no practice of a comprehensive study of the system (the soil foundation - the underground part - the upper structure) before and after construction. On the basis of detailed initial data of seismic micro zoning it is possible to perform clarification of seismic hazard and to provide effective measures of seismic protection of high-rise buildings. The analysis of modern methods of structural protection of buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The classification of existing systems of classical seismic protection on the principle of their work is presented. The main methods are analyzed and the general conclusions and principles of seismic protection of individual structures and buildings are formulated as a whole. The variants of design solutions for the construction of foundations with a separation layer, design and methods of construction of vertical and horizontal geotechnical barriers are considered. The main advantages and disadvantages of the described methods are given. The main tendency of development of seismic protection of buildings is defined and the direction of further researches is chosen: collecting and the analysis of experimental material on change of seismic rigidity of the soil bases modified by reinforcement by rigid vertical ground concrete elements with a distributive layer.

The article deals with the integration of transport infrastructure facilities, i.e. parking in the modern urban environment. The formation of parking as an architectural object, a capital construction object when placed in an urban environment, taking into account compensatory mechanisms, is analyzed. The use of various types of spatial organization that provides technological completeness, operation and aesthetic expressiveness using translucent enclosing structures is considered. The use of various types of glass in translucent structures during the formation of facade solutions for parking lots is not only a decoration, but also a mean of enhancing the aesthetics of the habitat of the modern city dweller

Changes in land use or function are common problems in the big cities. The objective of the study was to analyze the influence of population, accessibility, infrastructure and community behavior on the problems in the city representing of environmental risk on land use change in Makassar City. This type of research was a quantitative descriptive analysis. Data collected from 250 respondents from 2 subdistricts of 14 sub-districts, namely Panakukang Sub-district and Mariso Sub-district. The research method was carried out by a statistical approach, using Structural Equational Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicated that environmental risk of land use changes in Makassar City was influenced by infrastructure and community behavior. Accessibility has an effect on the environmental risk. Its influence was significant both directly and indirectly (through infrastructure and community behavior). Meanwhile, the population did not have a direct effect on the environmental risks. The influence of the population on the environmental risks increased through community behavior and infrastructure

The construction industry in Jordan is considered one of the most important sectors to enhance the economic growth and it is responsible for offering jobs, employment and wealth. Construction industry in Jordan has rapidly developed in the last few years due to the huge public investments and infrastructure projects. These large projects utilize and consume vast amounts of resources in terms of materials, water, and energy. Also, they produce large amounts of products which are harmful to the environment and have long term impacts upon economy and society. As a result, there is an increase interest from public sector to address sustainability in public construction industry in Jordan due to several challenges which are facing its development. These challenges are namely, the lack of public funds, population growth, scarce of water resources, environmental issues, climate change, greenhouse gases which occurred from several sectors and especially from the construction industry. This paper presents factors affecting the integration of sustainability in public construction industry in Jordan which were identified from the content analysis approach. These factors were grouped into six categories. The study concluded that these factors need to be considered by set of governmental programs and best practices to become key factors to address sustainability issues in a regional changing environment.

The identification and analysis of highest and best uses Regional Owned Property (BMD) is a strategic step that can be taken to increase the usability and results of BMD in order to increase regional income. The step is set forth in the agreement on the utilization of BMD with standard terms which contain provisions regarding the amount of contributions, rights and obligations of third parties, compensation and administrative sanctions

Rapid Industrialization take part a key role in wealth of a country. Enormous growing Industrialization has resulted in production of liquid and solid wastes. Disposal of industrial wastes, especially on land has caused serious environmental problems. Land contamination is a severe issue as it alters the index and engineering properties of soils. Alteration of soil properties from industrial wastes results in foundation failures and structural damages. The present study communicates the study on index properties of alkaline soil by the application of partially treated Pharmaceutical industrial effluent. In this investigation, studies were conducted for identification of alkaline soils and analysation of industrial wastes of Pharmaceutical and also index properties of existing soil and blended pharmaceutical effluent soil

Performance appraisal is a fundamental indicator to ensure public accountability in the frame of good governance principles. Some studies examine effectiveness of performance appraisal in public organizations, particularly local government institutions. However, most studies focused on financial accountability achievement which tend to overlook management-based perspective. Hence, this study aims to analyze performance measurement that can contribute to improve performance in the frame of management-based. The study was conducted in qualitative approach and focused on government agencies in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data collection techniques used were interview, observations and document study. The result of this research is providing alternative performance measurement model not only for the provincial government of South Sulawesi but also for other local governments.

Analysis of the friction properties of modified PTFE is performed, the functions describing the change in the friction coefficient depending on the pressure level with a maximum error from the experiments results less than 1% are proposed in the work. The influence of friction on the deformation behavior of the flat sliding layer of the spherical bearing on a periodicity cell model is considered. The geometrical configuration of the flat sliding layer with truncated spherical hole for the lubricant is considered. The periodicity cell includes one hole for lubrication. A series of numerical experiments for three options for the thickness of the sliding layer from 4 to 8 mm with a recess for the lubricant, in the unfavorable case the absence of lubricant is performed. The pattern of geometric configuration hole change with increasing pressure level is established. It was found that an increase of the antifriction layer thickness leads to a less significant deformation of the sliding layer thickness and the spherical hole. The sliding layer with a thickness of 8 mm has the smallest level minimum stress intensity and the material volume with the maximum stress intensity is minimal for this variant of the sliding layer thickness compared to other variants. The maximum integral stiffness of the 8 mm sliding layer decreased slightly by 1.74 and 1.5% on contact without and with lubricant respectively.

The frequent monsoon fluctuation in the coastal region of Nagapattinam city of Tamil Nadu, which is known to be the rice bowl of southern India, has been imparting increasing insecurity in the yield of the crops, but even the very living conditions of the population, who are mostly dependent on agriculture. Road-expansion (NH-67) of the recent years involving mass-removal of thousands of trees located at the roadside have led to micro-climatic variation over the years. Since most of the agricultural land of the area depends on the irrigation as well as water from canals of Cauvery River, the precipitation (with respect to quantity, duration, and periodicity) has been the lifeline of progress and sustenance of this zone. To track the baseline morphological and lithological regimes of Nagapattinam city of Tamil Nadu (India) precisely, which forms the heart of storm-water modeling, the present study was carried out. The digital elevation modeling (DEM) was developed, using the toposheets and satellite imageries so as to evaluate the basis for hydro-geological modeling.

The construction industry accounts for approximately 23% of the national energy consumption per year. Considering the production and transportation of construction materials, the ratio of energy consumption increases up to 40 % in this industry. Recently, several studies established effective strategies for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions such as utilisation of low-carbon materials, material recycling, minimisation of materials input, and selection of optimal structural systems. Along with such approaches, there are various studies examined the application of high-strength materials for minimum utilisation of construction materials. Despite this approach to calculate CO2 emissions of structural materials, it is necessary to study the effectiveness and relationships between the implementation of high-strength re-bars and normal rebars. In order to fill this gap, this study examines the reduction of reinforcement bars and CO2 emissions by the implementation of high-strength re-bars in a practical approach. In this study, an office complex building was selected to assess the quantity variation over the normal re-bars. The office complex building is a rigid-frame structure which has 25 storeys above the ground level and one storey in the underground. Based on the analysed data, this study concluded that the application of SD500 and SD600 high-strength re-bars would lead the quantity reduction of about 25% and 50% respectively compared to the structural system designed with SD400. Generally, applications to high-strength materials, especially high-strength re-bars in the study is potentially beneficial in both reducing the input amount of materials and carbon dioxide emissions in the rigid-frame structure.

The purpose of this research is to study on the effect of the Dead Sea water on concrete structures. The normal concrete is usually mixed and cured with fresh water in order to protect the concrete from alkali attack which may lead to expansion and deterioration and finally loss of durability of concrete. Compressive strength, absorption, corrosion of steel, bond stress, and flexural stress were investigated in fresh and saline (Dead Sea) waters. Salt durability, compressive strength, flexural stress, and bond stress significantly decreased after exposure of concrete to Dead Sea saline water

Hilla city is the center of Babylon Governorate. A huge number of trucks and buses pass through the city of Hilla every day because it is located between the crossroads of three important cities, Baghdad; the capital, as well as the holy cities of Karbala and Najaf; the religious tourism center in Iraq. In addition the development of the city and the growing population as a result the increase of automobiles within a city. The previous reasons pose a danger to traffic condition. This study focus on the evaluation the performance of traffic for some arterial highways. The chosen roadways are multilane highways included 4 arterial highways 60- street. Survey for sections of theses highways are conducted to collect data of the desired information like traffic volume by video recording, geometry of sites by tools of measurement. Software program HCS is used to analyze data, where HCS is employed to determinate the Level-of-Service LOS making use of GIS tool to help in display results. Output of HCS introduces that highways operate with level of service between A to E and there is no segment process with LOS F. The percent of flow-rate less than 1400 is 37.1% of selection sections. Previous results indicate that the traffic situation is mostly good.

A study of the excited states of +15Cl ion in some excited state (1sns ) where n=2,3,4,5 is performed. This paper focusing on examining the atomic properties in position space of +15Cl ion in the excited state (1s 2s, 1s 3s, 1s 4s, 1s 5s ) where this ion contains two electrons one electron in K-shell (1S) state and another electron in (nS) state in shells (L, M,N,O). These atomic properties are important to describe of the dynamics in atoms and ions.

The article proposes a new methodological approach to the study and assessment of the impact of socio-economic environment on the academic giftedness of Russian students. The assessment of factors of the social and economic environment is carried out, the correlation model is constructed, the key factors influencing academic giftedness of school students are revealed. A regression model reflecting the influence of socio-economic factors on the academic giftedness of Russian schoolchildren in the dynamics from 2010 to 2018 is constructed. As a result of the research the forecast of development of academic giftedness of Russian schoolchildren under the influence of factors of socio-economic environment was built.

Clear economic activity management is one of the most essential aspects of any company’s stable financial standing under contemporary conditions. Economic activity management at a company is impossible without an in-depth and detailed study of all the processes related to it. Analytics is of paramount importance for managing a company’s settlement system. This article is devoted to analyzing of correlations/correlation relationships analysis methods based on economic statistics. The correlation analysis is used to measure the strength of a relationship between variables and to evaluate the factors that affect the result attribute the most, which distinguishes it from regression analysis used to select the relationship form, model type, to determine rated values of the result attribute. The regression and correlation analysis methods are used holistically. Pair correlation aimed at studying correlations of a factor attribute and a result attribute can be regarded as the most developed theoretically and used in practice. Such study is called single-factor correlation and regression analysis used as the basis for studying multi-factor stochastic relationships. The article also examines the approachof chain substitutions as a method of deterministic factor analysis in an accounting and financial management system

Egypt is one of the biggest and affected country in Africa and Middle East, which affected by increasing population and many developing projects. The Nile is the artery of life to Egypt as it shares with other ten countries as it considered the longest river by adding its tributaries which reach 6,850 km. Egypt is suffering from deficit of water resources at the present and in the future. Modeling may be helpful in solving water shortage problems in the Nile valley with successful future planning. Many previous studies had applied mathematical, physical and mechanical models on Nile river basin and studying the impact of climate change and new strategies in water resources management and using the GIS and share decisions with al participates. In the present research, we apply WEAP program on east Nile delta and study Sharkia Governorate as case study as it is the third big governorate in population and it is expected to suffering from water deficit problem, so to achieve this deficit place and amount. We feed the program with total resources of main canals (Ismailia and Bahr Mowais) and total demand of water from different sectors; irrigation, domestic, and industrial water demands. then the program determines the deficit area and redistributes the water according to demand node priorities. We concluded that the water deficit value =11.6MCM/year occur at the end of irrigation network (San Al Hagar & Al Salheya region) where some illegal actions done by the farmers to overcome this water shortage

Alternating dry-wet paddy field management such as System of Rice Intensification (SRI) had become an interesting subject in research and development in paddy cultivation which also been subject for trial for its implementation. The field’s environment’s variation of biophysical parameters related to production had also become important to be studied. This study aims to simulate the variation of evaporation and thermal condition over a wet and dry regime of paddy field. The simulation model used in this study was a combination of numerical surface energy balance and soil water flow model consisting two layered resistance energy balance model for non-ponded field, one-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer model of wind, temperature and vapor changes, and soil heat transfer and soil water flow models. Meteorological parameters at the site were measured and utilized as input for the simulation. The simulation shows the fluctuating latent, sensible and ground heat flux and also the variation of temperature, and soil condition for wet and dry regime of paddy field.

Fiber reinforced cementitious composites are gaining attention in construction industry because of the high strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity. Concrete production is still under consideration to improve the sustainability and environmentally safety. Therefore, natural fiber reinforced concrete is the good alternative. Although sheep wools are producing a huge amount of waste, which can be utilized as building material in concrete if properly recycled. The addition of sheep wool in concrete mix was not very new, it has been used for insulation purposes. In this research the mechanical properties of sheep wool fiber reinforced concrete (SWFRC) were investigated. Total sixty cylindrical specimens and prisms were tested in this experiment to assess the fresh and hardened properties of SWFRC. The aim study was fulfilled by the results obtained from the split tensile test and flexural test. The weak tensile strength of concrete was enhanced by the addition of high tensile sheep wool and the cracks bridging effect of smooth and elastic fibers were worked to enhance the ductility and flexural capacity of concrete. Meanwhile, the compressive strength reduction due to addition of sheep wool in concrete can be minimized by proper treatment, which must need to investigate correspondingly.

In this paper, high strength concretes (HSC) containing manufactured sand (or maybe called crushed sand) as fine aggregate in the presence of fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF) were made. The HSC mixtures were designed to achieve 28-day compressive strength beyond 55 MPa. Compressive strength, drying shrinkage, watertightness and sulfate attack tests were conducted to evaluate the feasibility on the production of HSC having crushed sand, FA and SF. The test results indicated that the compressive strength of all HSC mixtures exceeded 55 MPa at 28 days. There was an improvement in the compressive strength following the addition of SF in HSC. Introducing crushed sand to HSC as fine aggregate led to a reduction in compressive strength. The usage of crushed sand most effectively decreased the length change of HSC, compared with HSC containing natural sand. HSC mixtures can be classified into > B12 water-tightness class. Furthermore, weight loss of HSC was in a range of 0.04?0.29%

The author keeps raising issues related to the environment in her works, which function as the beautiful elements and the backdrop of events. Recently, more writers are beginning to use environment as the main theme to move stories and their thoughts.. This study analyses the destruction of coral reefs in the short story “Kami Akan Mati, Lin” (We Will Die, Lin) authored by Seroja Theavy Balakrishnan. The main focus on the scrutiny is on the maritime pollution which has become the cause of coral destruction. The findings indicate that the destruction was due to the water pollution (sea and river) following human activities, such as ship waste disposal, logging, industrial activities, developments, and illegal catching of coral reefs. These activities cause that rivers and seas to be polluted, which in turn, threatens the ecology of marine life including that of the coral reefs. In conclusion, human activities pollute the seas and rivers, and illegal catching of coral reefs lead to the extinction of marine ecology, which consequently threatens human life again

Environmentally friendly polymer concrete by utilizing waste has been widely developed, one of them is pumice and bagasse fiber waste. The use of these two wastes has not been optimal, for that by being used as fillers in concrete polymers are expected to have a higher economic value. This study aims to determine the optimal composition of natural binder and to know the mechanical characteristics and sound absorption of polymer concrete which is fabricated using pumice, sand and sugarcane waste with epoxy resin adhesive. The composition variations made are sand, pumice (1: 1) or (50 gr: 50 gr), rubber yarn solid waste 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of the total weight of sand and stone buoyant, variations in the composition of polyurethane 20%, 25% and 30% of the total weight of sand and pumice. Then the characterization was carried out in the form of density test, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength, polymer concrete morphology, and sound absorption coefficient. From the test results obtained the characteristics of polymer concrete have optimum value, namely density (1.655 gr / cm3), water absorption (8.864%) porosity (16.151%), compressive strength (8.59 MPa), flexural strength (18.171 MPa), impact strength ( 2,376 KJ / m2). Sound absorption coefficients were obtained for samples B6 (1.00), A6 (0.48) and C6 (0.20). This polymer concrete is lighter than conventional concrete that has better strength.

The history of settlements development began with a set of settlements in a small scale, then along with the population growth in the urban area. Latter, it developed into a medium city and eventually developed into a big city. The objectives of this study were to analyze the performance and policies, also the community participation on the growth of slums in the urban area and to analyze the slum factors in the growth of slums in urban area. Data collected from 250 respondents from 2 sub-districts of 14 subdistricts, namely Panakukang Sub-district and Mariso Sub-district. The method of discussion employs a statistical approach, Structural Equational Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of the analysis show that 1) the path coefficient of institutional performance on the institutional policy was 0.735 with t-statistic 20.2356 (p <0.05), it means that the performance aspects significantly influenced policy; 2) the path coefficient of institutional performance on community participation was 0.162 with t-statistics 2.037 (p <0.05), it means that the aspects of performance significantly influenced community participation; 3) The path coefficient of institutional policy on the community participation was 0.640 with t-statistic 8.635 (p <0.05), it means that the policy had a significant effect on community participation; 4). the path coefficient of institutional performance on slums factors was 0.063 with t-statistics 0.611 (p> 0.05), it means that iinstitutional performance had a significant effect on the slums factors; 5). the path coefficient of institutional policy on the slums factors was 0.444 with t-statistics 7.462 (p <0.05), it means that institutional policy did not have a significant effect on the slums factors; and 6) The path coefficient of participation on slums factors was 0.487 with t-statistics 5.417 (p <0.05), it means that participation had a significant effect on the factors of slums.

The main objective of this research is to know the comparison of the use of mode as a reference in developing the type of facility needed at the train station. Planning for the preparation of these needs can be done by means of an interview survey for passengers on the Surabaya-Lamongan (SULAM) commuter train in LamonganSurabaya on weekdays. In some modes, like motorbikes and cars, they are still classified again. For example, motorbike use is divided into several categories, namely: private vehicles (delivered, carried alone), online services, and traditional gojek. In the use of cars also divided into several categories, namely: Private Vehicles (delivered, carried alone), online services, and conventional taxi. The categories in both types of modes are gap analysis of this study. The benefit of being made a category for both types of modes is to plan the type of facility needed for vehicles to stop both inside and outside the train station. The type of facility type planning, is a renewal of this research, because previous research was limited to the comparison of vehicles used. Another benefit of this research is that it can produce new research to plan simulation of vehicle parking capacity

This study investigates the effect of environmental disclosure toward earnings response coefficient and the effect of dominant owners voting-cash flow rights wedge toward relation of environmental disclosure and earnings response coefficient in manufacturing company in Indonesia. This study is crucial because investors needs has changed from profit oriented only to Triple-P Bottom Line which is Profit, Planet, and People. This condition makes some companies improve environmental disclosure as their sustainability reports. They did this for attracting investors to invest in their company. This is quantitative study using multiple linear regression. By using purposive sampling, we collected 161 annual reports of 115 manufacturing companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange as data. The result show that environmental disclosure positively affects earnings response coefficient. However, dominant owners voting-cash flow wedge has negative impact toward the relation of environmental disclosure and earnings response coefficient. Therefore, this results offer evidence of the importance of environmental disclosure in sustainability reports of manufacturing company. However, the stakeholder of the company should think about dominant owners voting-cash flow wedge because it can affect inverstors trust. Contribution of this study is an effort of the company to report environmental disclosure carefully in order to attract the invertors

Cloud computing is a new on-demand delivery of software and hardware resources to consumers over the internet. It has been proposed as a preferred solution for future systems of education. Furthermore, using cloud computing grows rapidly on various applications in different education fields such as E-learning. It has become a critical point on any institutional deploying, creating a remote educations system and designing of the perfect web-based learning environment. Cloud computing is distinguished by providing large storage resources with cost savings and faster data transfer. Nowadays, data of several social networks (photos, music, videos etc.) are stored in their own purchased cloud. As a consequence of using these applications, cloud computing is indirectly used is our life. Therefore, cloud computing (or cloud technology). In other words, the services that one can easily access these applications in electronic devices is called cloud computing. E-learning systems basically require many software and hardware resources to implement education tasks effectively. Therefore, adopting available cloud-based application can make the tasks more affordable. Cloud offers the opportunity to work from anywhere and combines software, hardware and hosting services in a single structure with a technology that collects solutions for organizations. To achieve this goal, it facilitates the operation by enabling customers to reach the same data simultaneously. This article, thus, investigates barriers to implement cloud e-learning adoption in Iraqi education institutions

Nigeria is ranked one of the main producers of crude oil in Africa and due to this, oil exploration activities have occasioned high rate of gas flaring which was intensified by poor enforcement of anti-gas flaring laws by the regulatory authorities. Associated natural gas is generated from oil production and it is flared in large volumes, thereby leading to the emission of greenhouse gases and a waste of natural resources which could have potentially spawned billions of dollars for the Federal government. Nigerians are apprehensive that if nothing is done to combat this menace, the environment and man will be at risk due its damaging consequences. There is therefore the need to stop gas flaring by replicating the approaches used in the relatively advanced petroleum countries like Norway to tackle the menace. The research is an appraisal of legal frameworks regulating gas flaring in Nigeria’s Upstream Petroleum Sector. It is a doctrinal legal research that adopts a library based research approach. Weak enforcement and ambiguity of some anti-gas flaring laws are largely identified as the key factors responsible for the menace. It recommends the use of more advanced technologies, sophisticated mixture of regulations and none-regulatory incentives such as fiscal policies, gas market restructuring and proffer practical suggestions. JEL Classifications: K2, K42, Q4, Q5, P28, K32, K12.

The study sets out to examine the quality management practices of contractors in building project delivery in Nigeria. The research study is an organizational based study where top professionals from contracting firms in Lagos were the target respondents. The study adopted a quantitative research method with the use of questionnaire to elicit data from the respondents. The study revealed that quality control procedure is the top ranked quality management system adopted by contracting firms in building project delivery. The top ranked barrier and benefit of quality management practices of contracting firms are shortage of skilled workers and improvement in company reputation. The research indicated that there is a statistical significant difference was found in compliance with QMS between multinational construction firms and indigenous construction firms. The poor quality associated with most construction project in Nigeria, leading to clients’ dissatisfaction could be linked with the industry not adopting the quality management systems as adopted in the construction industry of most developed countries.

Aerial laser scanning for creating digital relief models has been widely applied in Russia for over 20 years. For processing results of aerial laser scanning, it is necessary to classify cloud of laser points. Classification of cloud of laser points is performed via commercial software products (produced abroad), which frequently use refinement algorithms of “Earth” class data, which consider the relief particularities. The paper puts forward a proprietary algorithm of laser scanning data interpolation, enabling to remove redundant cloud of laser points of “Earth” class when data granularity reduces, in the first place, for flat terrain. The paper provides a detailed stepwise description of algorithm operation, and the results of constructing a digital relief model on the basis of the cloud of laser points of “Earth” class, processed via the proposed algorithm

At present stage of the development of the mineral resource complex, a trend is seen to deterioration of geological and engineering conditions of mining ore deposits, which entails increase of losses and dilution of mineral, causing increase of the cost price of mineral production and processing. With consideration of the specified limiting conditions, the maximal net present value of deposit mining will be achieved with minimal economic loss resulted from mineral losses and dilution. For the conditions of steeply-sloping ore pits, analysis was conducted of the impact of the bench height on the value of mineral losses and dilution, and necessary calculations were made to identify the degree of influence of the pit bench height and the height of the triangle of inmixed waster rocks on the values of losses and dilution by three possible modes of preparing a new horizon (in mining from the hanging wall to the bottom wall, in preparation across the ore body). According to the results of the research, conclusions were made that the economic loss related to the losses and dilution, increase in direct proportion to the increase of bench heights; the mode of horizon preparation significantly influences the value of losses and dilution and the economic losses related to them; the value of losses and dilution increases with increase of bench height, and the current stripping ratio reduces. For this reason, for determining the optimal bench height, joint consideration of the losses and dilution with the current stripping ratio, is required. The conducted technical and economic calculations result in recommending the bench height in ore zone, equal to 5 m. with maintaining the rock bench height of 20 meters

Nowadays, the effort to create a comfortable, productive and sustainable space still faces various challenges as it is shown by the widespread of land use conversion which causes flood in the rainy season and drought in the dry season, the increasing frequency and coverage of disasters, as well as the increasing number of slum housings, traffic congestion, and environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze the model of regional policies in spatial planning, to discover and describe the weaknesses on the implementation of regional policies in spatial planning as well as to explain the importance of reconstructing regional policies in spatial planning to promote social welfare. The method used was socio legal with qualitative analysis to examine the condition of natural objects where the researcher is the key instrument. The data were then collected through observations and interviews. The results of the study showed that the implementation of regional policies in spatial planning is not complemented by the Detailed Spatial Planning (RDTR) due to a legal vacuum resulting in legal uncertainty. This condition then has implications for violations of land use conversion that is very detrimental to society. Thus, it is necessary to create a regional policy model that is based on values of social welfare and justice as an effort to reform the law by formulating an integrated RTRW and RDTR to ensure legal certainty which will then have implications for improving social welfare and justice

The aim of this study was to investigate the current condition of existing public apartment buildings in Vietnam. In the old apartment buildings, problems included structural failure, aging, impact of outdoor environment, poor indoor and outdoor living conditions, and lack of service facilities. In the newly-built high-rise buildings, poor outdoor living conditions, lacking of natural lighting, polluted air, inconvenience access and high level of traffic noise are observed due to high density of buildings constructed in a land area. In addition, there are high risk at fire and difficulties in firefighting and emergency evacuation where hundreds of residential buildings were found not to comply with fire safety standards. Improvements are recommended at the end of this research for minimizing, even totally eliminating current shortcomings of existing public apartment buildings. Throughout the study, relevant parties and authorities enable to fully understand quality conditions of existing condominium buildings and to propose proper corrective actions.

This paper describes studies related to the influence of the fatigue factor on the oculomotor activity of aviation security screeners. Analysis of possible instrumental diagnostic methods of the functional status of aviation security screeners was conducted and the Eye-tracking technology was selected as the one with the greatest advantages. Overview of the experience in the application of the Eye-tracking technology when diagnosing the functional status of aviation security screeners is presented. In this paper for the first time as follows from experimental studies using the Eye-tracking technology potential fatigue markers of aviation security screeners with the most accurate changes were identified consistent with earlier studies pursued by other authors. As the result of solving the problem of the statistical hypothesis testing it is found that such oculomotor reactions as the blink frequency, the blink duration average and the pupils diameter average can be used for diagnosing the functional status of aviation security screeners whereas the saccade frequency did not change for certain in the period of studies pursued and is not potentially useful for monitoring. It was demonstrated that the Sugeno fuzzy model based on the subtractive clustering and ANFIS-learning does better approximate the dependence between oculomotor activity indicators of aviation security screeners and the prohibited items detection efficiency in comparison with other models. Model fidelity by the RootMean-Square Error criterion on the learning sample is 0,0348 and on the test sample is 0,0858 as the case may be. Scientific and theoretical value of this paper involves developing scientific knowledge related to the influence of the fatigue factor on the oculomotor activity of aviation security screeners in the course of the working activity

This study focuses on the utilization of non-biodegradable plastic waste and bagasse as partial replacement for fine aggregate. Fine aggregate is partially replaced by plastic and bagasse in proportion of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% respectively .We are adding plastic 60% and bagasse 40%. The tests are conducted to study the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength of concrete for M25 grade and their results are compared with those of conventional concrete. The maximum value is obtained for 7.5% of replacement level.

Mercury pollution in the aquatic environment can cause intoxication of marine organisms and the formation of free radicals in the human body if consumed. Curcumin is a natural ingredient that contains extracellular antioxidants to overcome the formation of free radicals in the body. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of administering curcumin to the number of pyramid cells that were necrotic in mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. This experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 groups of mice, i.e. 0.5 ml distilled water, 0.056 mg/kg methylmercury, 0.0056 mg/kg methylmercury + 150 mg/kg curcumin and 0.0056 mg/kg methylmercury + 300 mg/kg curcumin. Examination of total pyramid cell necrosis was observed with a 400x magnification light microscope. In this study, there was a decrease in the number of pyramid cell necrosis in mice. The decrease in the number of necrotic cells was directly proportional to the increase in dose given. The treatment results as positive controls showed the highest value with the number of pyramid cells experiencing necrosis of 23.28. The highest decreases in the number of each treatment were 10.32 in 150 mg/kgBW curcumin and 5.80 in 300 mg/kgBW curcumin. Curcumin can reduce the number of pyramid cells that experience necrosis due to exposure to methylmercury

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important commodity in the aquaculture of freshwater fish in Indonesia, apart from its distinctive taste but also a good protein content for fulfilling community nutrition. However, the high demand for nile tilapia is not enough just to rely on fishermen, so it takes effort to increase the growth rate of it. This study aimed to determine the effect of shrimp waste and coconut pulp addition to enhance protein retention, energy retention and growth rate of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This was an experimental study by means of completely randomized design method. There were five treatments and four replications in each treatment. The treatment used was the addition of shrimp waste and coconut pulp on commercial feed. Two hundred nile tilapia were used in this study. The study was conducted for 30 days by feeding three times a day. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the addition of 30% shrimp waste and coconut pulp flour to nile tilapia commercial feed (Oreochromis niloticus) significantly affected the energy retention value of 12,050%, protein retention of 21 245% and growth rate of 1.471%. Adding organic waste to commercial fish feed can boost the growth rate of nile tilapia.

African catfish cultivation using a high stock solid system can cause increased stress and disease susceptibility to African catfish. Thus, it is necessary to use natural ingredients of antioxidants as a substitute for chemicals or antibiotics to avoid resistance. This study aimed to determine the effect of curcuma flour addition on increasing leukocyte counts, leukocyte differential and survival rate as parameters of African catfish cultivation success. This study was an experimental study, by the completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and each treatment received 5 replications so there were 20 experimental units. The variables observed were doses of curcuma flour, total leukocytes, differential leukocytes and the survival levels of African catfish.The results of this study indicated that the addition of curcuma flour in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) feed formulation were quite effective to influence the increase in leukocyte counts and differential leukocytes in African catfish bodies, although the survival rate was still lower than control (without curcuma).The addition of curcuma (Clarias gariepinus) flour in catfish feed formulation could increase leukocyte counts, leukocyte differential and the survival levels of African catfish to obtain maximum results. The most effective dose of curcuma flour was by mixing 4% curcuma flour in 100% formulation feed.

Fresh fish has several disadvantages if left for a long time, namely damage and deterioration in quality. If it is not inhibited, the fish will experience continuous deterioration of quality. Therefore, fresh fish such as gourami, which are popular within consumers, need a special care to reduce damage and maintain quality to stay fresh for a long time. The author tried to examine the use of edible coating on gourami with additional essential oils with betel leaf (Piper betel) to sensory quality, and shelf life of gourami fillets (Osphronemus Gouramy). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method with three groups. Each group has six replications with total of 18 (eighteen) samples. Organoleptic test, TPC, and pH tests are the main parameters in this study. Edible coat of 4% chelelatin with 1% betel leaf essential oil affecting the sensory quality and shelf life of gourami. It was able to maintain fillets for 12 hours with room temperature. As well as edible coat of 4% gelatin with 1% betel leaf essential oil were able to maintain the total number of bacteria according to SNI standard until the 12th hour of shelf life with room temperature that is equal to 4.9x10. In conclusion, the addition of gelatin with betel essential oil had significant influence towards the sensory quality and shelf life of gourami fillets. In addition, it is also able to maintain the shelf life of gourami for 12 hours of storage with room temperature.

The activities of industrial waste disposal and disasters of Sidoarjo volcanic mudflow into the river give a negative impact to the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. But as a fishery center area, its activity depends on the aquatic ecosystem condition. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of lead (Pb) in seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) cultivation, sedimentation and water quality of seaweed aquaculture ponds around the river estuary, the center of industrial waste disposal.. Sample collection of seaweed, sediment and pond water were conducted using simple random sampling method. Measurement of the lead (Pb) levels in seaweed, sediment, and pond water samples used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Based on the results of this study, the concentration of lead metal levels in seaweed and sediment showed the highest lead metal concentration values of 0.76 mg/kg and 0.58 mg/kg. However, the concentration of heavy metals and water quality of pound water tended to be stable with a value of <0.0764 mg / l. In conclusion, there was an increase in the lead metal concentration in seaweed cultivation and sediment of pond water in normal water quality conditions.

The increase of the production costs and low nutrient content in commercial fish feeds result in the inhibition of the aquaculture of Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypotalamus). Moringa oleifera can be an alternative solution to substitute the commercial fish feed, since it has high nutrient content and can be obtained at low price. To determine the effect of Moringa leaf as a substitute for commercial fish feed in the crude fat and energy content of Siamese catfish. This was an experimental study with completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of five experimental diets P0 (99% commercial feed + 1% tapioca flour), P1 (91% commercial feed + 1% tapioca flour + 8% Moringa leaf flour), P2 (87% commercial feed + 1% tapioca flour + 12% Moringa leaf flour), P3 (83% commercial feed + 1% tapioca flour + 16% Moringa leaf flour), P4 (79% commercial feed + 1% tapioca flour + 20% Moringa leaf flour). The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in total content of crude fat and energy among the Siamese catfish in all five treatments group. The highest crude fat content in Siamese catfish was found in P4 treatment group with a percentage of 5.5212%. Whereas the highest energy content in Siamese meat was found in P4 treatment group with a value of 3268,187Kcal / Kg. The substitution of Moringa leaf flour on commercial feed had no effect on the amount of crude fat and energy content of Siamese catfish meat

Background: Worm infection is one of the most common diseases affecting livestock, one of those diseases is Toxocara vitulorum. Infection can cause diarrhea, reduced productivity, intestinal and bile obstruction, to death in livestock. However, this disease is often ignored by farmers. Observing from an economic perspective, this disease results in very high losses for farmers. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of dairy calves age on the prevalence of toxocariasis and determine the effect of different degrees of toxocariasis infection on dairy calves (Holstein Friesian). Methods: This study used a descriptive laboratory method. The samples studied were 120 stool or feces samples of calves aged 0-6 months. The number of samples in each age group of 0-2 months, 2-4 months and 4-6 months were 40 samples. The independent variable of this study was the age of dairy calves. The dependent variables were the prevalence and degree of toxocariasis infection. Whereas, the control variables were feed and cattle nation. Results: From 120 samples studied, 5 feces samples were positively infected with T. vitulorum. From 5 samples that were positively infected, 4 of them came from the age group of 0-2 months and the other 1 from the age group of 2-4 months. Whereas, in the 4-6 month age group all negative samples were from T. vitulorum infection. The mean value of infection rates in the 0-2 month age group was 4.219, in the 2-4 month age group was 1.066 and in the 4-6 month age group was 0.707. Conclusion: The prevalence of toxocariasis and the degree of toxocariasis infection based on the most influential age differences were at the age of 0-2 months.

Drawing the water surfaces in open-channel for gradually varied flow is relatively complicated and difficult. In order to identify which type of the water surfaces among 12 water-surface styles we have to base on critical depth (yc) and normal depth (yo). In this case, to calculate the critical depth (yc) that particularly need to use the Semi empirical equations. This article generally the way to compute the critical depth; the way to compute flow in circular sewers; analyze the application of existing formulas and then offering a new equation to compute the critical depth. This new equation will help to have more accurate result. Also it is more comfortable to non-uniform flow in the circular section/ circular sewers

Background The level of air pollution in Surabaya is high as a result of massive number of vehicles on the street. Local government has executed several procedures to reduce air pollution, but has a problem because of the resources available. Collaborative governance can become the way to solve the lack of resources to tackle the problem of air pollution. Objective This study aims to describe the process of collaborative governance in maintance of air pollution in Surabaya City. Method This study uses qualitative descriptive. To determine the source of the data, this study uses purposive and snowball technique. The data are collected using library studies and conducting interviews. To test the validity of the data, researcher uses the source triangulation technique. Data analysis in this study is conducted by reducing, organizing data, and drawing conclusions. Result The result shows that the criteria of collaborative governance are not fully executed because of the lack of involvement of other stakeholders in the collaboration forum and insufficient financial resources. Conclusion Collaborative governance need to be maintained by both government and stakeholders for the best result

The walling material component constitutes a substantial part of the building envelope with consequent implication on overall housing cost. This study examined the impact of socio-economic status (SES) of respondents on walling material selection preferences for affordable housing in southwest Nigeria. Data was collected in a cross-sectional field survey through administration of structured questionnaires on randomly selected respondents in four Local Government Areas (LGAs) of three States in Southwest Nigeria. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with results presented in tables and figures. The result showed a high aspiration for homeownership amongst respondents. The result also showed that lesser cost implication of walling materials does not translate to acceptance and use. Most importantly, the results showed high significant relationship between SES and choice of walling material for affordable housing. The study recommends that selection of walling should be responsive to the SES of households to make housing affordable. Study is also useful for guiding formulation of affordable housing policy in Nigeria that is responsive to the SES of households in the study area.

The regular information systems of the construction organization today historically there was more failure than success. In the past decade, a lot of researchers have addressed the cultural problems on regular Information system. Since there is a lot of information system’s proposals adoption is failed due to the misfit between the culture and information system. Furthermore several of studies indicated the cultural variety influences negatively the knowledge sharing process by using the regular Information system in the construction organizations. Therefore, in this study “the knowledge sharing construction automatic mobile phone application system” will be designed and developed. The knowledge sharing construction automatic mobile phone application system will support and overcome the weakness of the regular information systems in the organization under the bad influences of the cultural variety. The knowledge sharing construction automatic mobile phone application system will be able to overcome the communication problems, increase the team member’s learning capacity, increase the team member’s trust in the stored knowledge of the database of the organization, and increase the level of the innovation in the organization by using the knowledge sharing construction automatic mobile phone application system.

Accounts of the influence of personality characteristics on architecture students’ creativity has largely been pedagogical in ‘modus operandi’. While only few records have been documented on the didactic roles of studio Teachers in nurturing and cultivating creativity among students. Creativity, as a phenomenon, has also been engaged in diverse fields of human endeavours, namely, jurisdictions of arts, philosophy, psychology, law, medical sciences, liberal arts and architecture and other liberal arts. This study investigated the polar influences of extroversion-introversion personality characteristics on students’ creativity in design studio course in order to evaluate the Teachers’ didactic roles in schools. The research was carried out in a survey of architecture students(n=225) in three selected schools of architecture in the Southwest Nigeria. The findings suggested that in spite of polar differences of extroverson and introversion, with the engagement of didactic tools by the design studio Teachers and Instructors, there are lots of merger benefits and synergic associations of attributes in the tutelage process of a well-seasoned professional architects. From these findings, this study suggested that there is urgent need for stakeholders, especially the studio Teachers, parents and guardians of architecture school to understand typical personality attributes of students in order to orchestrate the Gestalt applications in the desirable directions of career developments. This would also assist the Architectural design studio Instructors and Teachers to emphasize the pedagogical Tenets needed on the contents of the syllabi, the relevant indices in the curricula grains and the specifics projects needed by individuals to study optimize the latent potentials in the simile of personality attributes. This would lead to professional competency in didactic handling of Architecture programmes with high-stake achievements

Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity and ethnicity. Every ethnic group has local knowledge dealing with the environmental problems. One of the local knowledge in managing environmental resources is the concept of a house yard. House yard can be utilized as a sustainable reserve food garden (SRFG). One of the strategies to optimize the yard area is a program of SRFG. The objective of this study is to analyze the special characteristics of houses in Pacitan Regency as a model in preparing sustainable reserve food garden. Data was obtained from field observations and indepth interviews with community or the house yard owners. The classification of yard in Java including in Pacitan Regency can be divided into three, it is based on the location of the house, namely the front yard (ngarepan omah), the backyard (buritan omah) and the side yard of the house. The front yard was utilized to reduce the cost of community consumption. The yard strata or the type of yards for SRFG are divided into various types depending on the conditions of the yard. In general, private property (house owners) and owned by offices or institutions and public facilities are classified into eight chategories: very narrow yard (without a yard), narrow yard (<120 m2 ), medium yard (120-400 m2 ), large yard (> 400 m2 ), intensification of road fences, yards intensification of village office, schools, and other public facilities, village seed gardens and conservation area of local food crops for the future. This study suggest that preservation of the yard of food crops through the SRFG can increase income which will ultimately improve peoples welfare. Fulfillment of food from the use of the yard is considered ideal and sustainable

A refined nonlinear shear deformation theory of thick rectangular plates is presented using a modified mixed variational formulation. This Refined Plate theory and direct variational method is built upon the classical plate theory. In this displacement-based, refined shear deformation theory, general and direct variation method is used to obtain the total potential energy of the plate by employing the static elastic theory of plate to obtain the general governing differential equations and direct governing differential equations with its associated boundary conditions respectively. The shape function of fourth order for the plate under uniformly distributed load for CCCS plate was formulated using the characteristic orthogonal polynomials (COP), which is also known as product of orthogonal strips of the plate along the two axes. The main objective of study is static bending analysis of a homogeneous and isotropic thick elastic plate using a higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory to determine the actual maximum critical lateral load of the plate before deflection reaches allowable specified maximum limit. This aims at creating enablement in achieving the most possible safe, economical design and effective cost estimate in engineering construction.

The world health organization (who) has included typhoid fever in the global burden of disease project. Cases of typhoid fever in hospitals in indonesia shows a number that tends to increase every year. The pattern of antibiotic treatment in patients with typhoid fever in hospitals needs to be studied further because it has the potential to cause antibiotic resistance and the presence of drug related problems that affect patient management. The aim of this study is pattern of use of antibiotics in typhoid fever patients undergoing inpatient care in hospital. This study is a descriptive and retrospective study using medical record. Specified inclusion criteria are (1) patients with typhoid fever with or without complications (2) undergoing hospitalization for at least 3 days (3) receiving antibiotic therapy (4) complete medical records. Sampling using the time limited sampling method. The total patients who met the inclusion criteria were 176 patients. The most widely used antibiotics are cephalosporin groups, especially ceftriaxone, which is 47.73% followed by quinolone antibiotics, especially ciprofloxacin, which is 43.18%. In drug related problem (drp) it was found that 26.70% of patients had actual drp and potential drp of 19.31%. In the therapeutic response using antibiotics on average after 3 days of treatment, changes in the value of leukocytes were found and the value of the patients body temperature improved. Most antibiotic therapy obtained by typhoid fever patients who are hospitalized is in accordance with the available guidelines. Antibiotic therapy response showed good results after patients received treatment.

This paper discusses the coordination of photovoltaics, batteries, and supercapacitors. The Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) method is proposed to improve system performance in minimizing output voltage errors. With the DEA method, at the 42V reference voltage, the overshoot value is 42.36 V, the settling time is 0.1361 seconds, and the final value is 42.01 V, and the reference voltage is 52V, the overshoot value is 52.4V, the settling time is 0.234 and the final value is 52.01V compared to conventional control when the reference voltage V is 42V, Overshoot is 42.98 V, the settling time is 0.2414 and the final value is 42, 02 V, when the reference voltage V is 52V, overshoot is 53.74V, settling time is 0.284 and Final Value is 52.06.

Self-compacted concrete is a material that recently has been widely used in construction engineering structures and therefore research into its mechanical characteristics is of particular importance as the materials used for its manufacture in terms of quantity differ from composite materials of normal concrete. Based on this we have realized practical proofs for the analysis of these characteristics, which have been carried out according to the respective standards depending on the type of evidence. In this paper, we will present the laboratory results for solidity in printing, Solidity in curvature through cracking, solidity in curvature of curvature prism specimens, concrete precision, velocity of sound penetration in concrete samples, elastic modulus. In the wet concrete phase, self-compacted concrete has a certain number of tests that are not performed on normal concrete, thus we will present laboratory results for L-box, J-ring and V-funnel.

The study was conducted to identify factors to determine how far the influence of the application of value engineering methods as an alternative to achieving the effectiveness of the use of costs in the foundation work on the building of a hospital building. In the research process with statistical analysis, standards will be achieved based on secondary data analysis which is translated into research variables which are formulated in the form of questions (questionnaires) that have been finalized first through certain validations. Furthermore, from the research variables will be the basis and reference for getting results from primary data (questionnaire) so that the objectives of this study can be achieved. Data processing for the results of the questionnaire survey was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results will be displayed in the form of validity and reliability testing, frequency distribution analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.

This paper shows the different in the volumetric strains between the Oedometer tests with different soaking durations and the unsaturated triaxial tests. The disturbed samples were taken from Al-Najaf city in Iraq. All specimens have the same high gypsum content of 29 %. For Oedometer tests, the specimens are tested in the different soaking durations; the first is in natural moisture content then half hour, one week and two weeks. While in triaxial tests, a wetting induce has been conductive to estimate the volumetric strains under two stress levels (2.5 and 5 kg/????2 ) with presence of matric suction in four levels; initial matric suction (?o), 0.6 ?o, 0.3 ?o and zero ?. The results from unsaturated triaxial tests indicate that the volumetric strains are increased as matric suction decreased and the trend of stress-strain curve became steep. While from Oedometer tests, when the specimen is soaked in natural and for a half hour, the volumetric strains are not significantly changed and close to the high matric suction. When the soaking time is increased to a one week, there is relatively increase in volumetric strains. But after two weeks soaking in Oedometer cell, the volumetric strains are very clear in increasing and close to the volumetric strains from unsaturated tests in low matric suction.

This paper work aims to present analytical and numerical analysis, linear and nonlinear buckling and post buckling behaviour of piles fully embedded in ground. In the first step, we have used the Galerkin’s Method for linear buckling and nonlinear post buckling analysis of piles with linear-elastic material behaviour. Then is continued with numerical buckling and post buckling analysis of the piles with nonlinear elasto-plastic material behaviour. For this, the Riks Method is used. Numerical analysis was performed in software Abaqus 6.13. This paper finally shows that the post buckling behaviour of the pile with ideal load stiffness increase after bifurcation point

All round the world, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is transforming the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. Its various contributions have pushed many countries to adopt it for the realization of construction projects. In this context, this article presents a BIM review in AEC industry in order to draw lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa through the case of Cameroon. It reveals that with a BIM adoption level more than 90% in many countries, North America, Oceania and Europe are very advanced. They are followed by Asia and South America. In SubSaharan Africa, BIM is beginning to be known by many engineers but its potential still unexploited for the realization of construction projects. To change this situation in the sub-continent, local institutions dedicated to training and research in civil engineering should be more engaged in order to effectively support all stakeholders in the understanding, spreading and implementation of BIM

Trip Distribution is a step of transportation studies necessary for solving traffic problems in unplanned Cities. In general, trips-production and attraction manner is usually used for trip distribution using gravity model. This study aims to investigate the best manner for trip distribution for Zagazig city as an example of unplanned cities. To achieve the study objective, comprehensive experimental program was designed and implemented starting with collecting trip movement data of Zagazig. This was followed by trip times frequencies analysis resulting to define the more suitable friction factor description. A new suggested manner to make trip distribution was investigated in addition to the traditional manner. That is trips-origin and destination manner. It is concluded that origin-destination matrix can be directly obtained with higher reliability than P-A matrix using adjusted gravity model.

The rehabilitation approach is endorsed by the experts for its efficiency and practicality in reintegrating the radical religious extremism offenders. Other than the provided syllabus for the offenders, the rehabilitation for the family members is needed as well. However, the restriction to access the families of the offenders are obstructing the rehabilitation processes from their side. Hence, this research is proposing a special informative online portal. The advancement of the information technology (IT) application is considered to be as the easiest medium to bridge between them. This research is a qualitative study and mainly benefit from the previous research papers. This article is considered to be the first milestone in preparing the extensive and complete rehabilitation of the families of the RRE offenders cum spreading the right information to the global masses.

The effectivity of blackwater treatment is influenced by the methods and processes applied. Due to its high pollutant content, blackwater treatment requires a series of processes and a longer processing time. One aspect that has been a problem so far is the cost, hence the technology must be developed in order to find the applicable and efficient method that can be applied by the community. Sand is a natural material that can be used as a filter, along with gravel and charcoal. In addition to the low price, these three materials are also easy to obtain. The use of filter materials can be refined through the wetland system by utilizing aquatic plant, such as Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides). In other words, blackwater is processed physically and biochemically. Based on the findings, the combination of stratified filtration method and wetland system can reduce the levels of TSS, TDS, BOD, COD parameters, and stabilize the pH. The effect of the sand thickness of the filter and the residence time of the blackwater in wetland tube is an interesting material to discuss.

In this research the solid state technique was used to syntheses five systems of glass-ceramic by combining of Hydroxyapatite, Alumina and Silica in different molar percent. The X-ray diffraction analysis for all systems before and after sintering was present and discussed in this research, the morphology of those systems also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the composition of each system was analyzed by the energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDS). Exploitation of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra to identify the chemical bonds as well as functional groups in the compound for all systems. The results present new phases such as Mullite (Al6Si2O13) and Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) that mean the components of these system was interacted very well. The in-vitro study also discussed by immersing the samples within the simulated body fluid (SBF). The XRD results proved the consistence of the apatite layer on the samples after immersion it in SBF.

The exposed stone-walled houses are included asthe vernacular house in the mountainous regions. These local houses were built within a fairly long process of adaptation, and this kind of houses isconsidered to be able to adapt to microclimate conditions. One of micro climatevariables is air temperature, andhow these houses adapt to the conditions can be analyzed by comparing their indoor temperature and their outdoor temperature. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temperature differences of both temperatures. The method employed was the quantitative method by measuring both indoor and outdoor temperatures. Every season, both rainy and dry seasons, data of temperatures were taken at early period and the mid period. The graphs were used to see how different the outdoor and the indoor temperatures In addition, statistical tests were carried out to test the effect of outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature. The resultsfound that the outdoor temperature had an influence on the indoor space. The equation produced from the test results is Ta_in = 8.519+ 0.597 * Ta_out for the beginning of the rainy season, Ta_in = 9,173 + 0.568 * Ta_out for the middle of the rainy season, Ta_in = 5,570 + 0.736 * Ta_out for the beginning of the dry season and Ta_in = 7,364 + 0.685 * Ta_out for the middle of the dry season. These equationsare expected to be able to predict the types of houses in all locations.

The purpose of this research are: To know the effect of GCG, risk appetite, work motivation on the financial performance; To know the role of THK in moderating the effect of GCG, risk appetite, work motivation on the LPD’s financial performance. The analysis using moderated regression analysis (MRA). Results of analysis: appetite risk and work motivation have a positive significant effect on Financial performance of LPD, however GCG does not have a significant; The THK is able to act as a moderating variable which means that it can strengthen the influence of GCG, risk appetite, work motivation on LPD’s financial performance

The purpose of this research to analyze and explain the effect of dimensions of corporate financial architecture variables (consisting of ownership structure, capital structure and corporate governance), value added human capital variable on firm value, and also add information technology variables as moderating. This research was conducted at tourism companies including restaurants and hotels listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2018 period using secondary data sources, consisting of 32 companies. The analytical method on hypothesis testing uses a regression test with the MRA moderating variable in SPSS. The results of the research show that ownership structure, corporate governance and value added human capital have a positive and significant effect on firm value; capital structure does not affect firm value; information technology that is significant in moderating the effect of ownership structure, capital structure and value added human capital on the firm value, but not for the effect of corporate governance on the firm value.

The study involves the effect of addition of sodium silicate at various proportions and the consequent investigation in terms of setting time and compressive strength. The literature study depicts that there is a considerable amount of decrease in strength is observed when sodium silicate is added to concrete. In order to counteract the decrease in strength, silica fume is added. The addition of silica fume is restricted to 10% in Indian Standard code and hence the proportion of silica fume to be added is kept as 10% in order to increase the reduced strength and to nullify the effect of strength reduced due to the addition of sodium silicate. The setting time and compressive strength study was done and it was found that 37.5% of sodium silicate addition as a replacement of cement gives better strength properties.

The object area in this research is the irrigation area of Tumpang Province East Java Indonesia. This irrigation area irrigates a rice field area of 296 Ha and has a limited water discharge. The pattern of this irrigation area is not yet adjusted to the available discharge. Therefore, with the available discharge should be optimized planting pattern for maximum yield. The method used in the research is linear program mathematics is by determining the decision variables on the distribution of water to the fields, then formed the purpose function. The objective function is then identified constraints faced and expressed functionally, in the form of equations or inequalities. The result of the study with the solver program shows that the maximum profit of the harvest from the program solver optimization in the area of the Overlapping Irrigation is IDR. 8.134.820.000, - per year

The Anti-Atlas belt, which is located in the western part of the West African Craton, is the result of Eburnean, Pan African and Variscan successive orogenies, during the Paleoproterozoic, the Neoproterozoic and the Paleozoic. The subsequent crustal accretions enlarged the craton, forming a series of belts in form of crowns. In the Anti-Atlas, the Cambrian can be defined by paleontological or radiometric dating. In the first case, the definition of its chronological lower limit can fluctuate according to new results. In the second case, the intercalated volcanic levels are younger and younger. In this study, we have grouped Adoudounian and Taliwinian in a large lower Cambrian and not in any terminal Neoproterozoic The volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary formations of the Adoudounian and the Taliwinian cover the Precambrian formations of the different domes

This study aims to identify determinants of financial innovation in the financial services industry. The determinant factors studied are organizational innovation, peer, skill, company size and information technology. The relationship of organizational innovation, peer, skill, and information technology to financial innovation is an important contribution of this dissertation. This study uses seven variable constructs consisting of organizational innovation, peer, skill, company size, information technology, financial innovation and company performance. The seven constructs of this variable are measured by 68 indicators or measured variables using questionnaires and 1-5 Likert scales. The questionnaire was distributed to all management asset companies listed on the OJK and IDX in August 2016-August 2017. The results of this study indicate that the construct of organizational innovation, peer, skill, company size, information technology is valid as a variable of financial innovation. Financial innovation as a company performance variable is also valid. The relationship of organizational innovation is positive and significant towards financial innovation. The influence of firm size on financial innovation is positive but insignificant. The influence of peers on financial innovation is positive but insignificant. The influence of information technology on financial innovation is positive and significant, while the influence of skills on financial innovation is positive and significant. The effect of financial innovation on company performance is positive and significant. Organizational innovation, skills, peer and information technology affect the companys performance indirectly.

The distribution of peat soil in Malaysia is widely known since Malaysia is located in the tropical region and receives the distribution of rain frequently in years. This phenomenon creates to the formation of swamp and force to the formation of peat swamp by natural process coincidently contributed some problem to the geotechnical engineer as peat known as very low shear strength compared to the other types of soil. The shear strength of peat is different based on their types of peat which also known as level of degree of decomposition. The main purpose of this paper was to gives an overview of the peat soil characteristic and its shear strength in Malaysia. The distribution, formation and the shear strength information about peat soil in Malaysia were elaborated in this paper by referring to the previous researchers in the form of illustration, picture, graph and table data. As the outcome, the distribution of peatland in Malaysia is covering Peninsular, Sabah and Sarawak region wherein for peninsular region Selangor record the highest distribution meanwhile Sarawak recorded the highest distribution compared to Sabah. The degree of decomposition peat is affecting the level of peat strength due to peat strength is dependent on the fiber reinforcement and water content. Conclusively, the main factors identified to control the shear strength value of peat soil were soil composition (basic soil material), structure, initial state and loading condition

Asphalt concrete pavement which consists of aggregates and asphalt binder is widely employed in pavement construction worldwide. These materials have commonly been used for constructing the first layer of flexible road pavements. However, flexible pavements have little or even insignificant flexural strength, and their structural actions is fairly flexible under high traffic volume and load which may contribute to the tensile stresses and strain at the bottom of the bituminous layers as a result of continues flexing from to the load acting on the pavement. The strain magnitude is depends on the overall stiffness of the pavement. In recent years, a dramatic increase in traffic volume and load have contributed to road congestion and subsequently effect the pavement performance. As the world continues to urbanize, the construction of transportation roadways constantly requires quality pavement, particularly on strength, durability and driving comfort. Due to these demands, transportation experts and engineers are focusing on improving the performance and life span of asphalt concrete pavements. For the last few decades, highway materials researchers have tried different methods and additives in improving asphalt pavements performance and one of the most effective way is to reinforce asphalt mixtures by incorporating fibers. Different types of fibers are known to be used in this application and these include synthetic and natural fibers. The main function of fibers incorporated into asphalt mixture is to enhance the mechanical performance namely tensile strength, rutting resistance, and fatigue cracking. This paper reviewed the synthetic fiber modified asphalt concrete particularly discuss fundamental problems incorporating fiber in asphalt concrete mixture, mixing process and effects of different fibers on asphalt concrete. It is found that synthetic fiber modified asphalt concrete has significantly improved in performance compared to conventional asphalt concrete.

The aim of this study is analyzing the self-healing capability of high strength concrete (M70) with nano silica and crystalline admixture in three types of environmental exposures i.e. water immersion, wet/dry cycles and water contact. The percentage replacements of cement with nano silica were 1%, 2%, 3% with addition of 1.1% crystalline admixture. The specimens were pre-cracked at 28 days in the range of 0.10-0.40mm and the time set for healing was 42 days. The result shows that all the mixes have considerable amount of closing ability and strength regaining capacity for all exposure conditions. The concrete with 2% nano silica and 1.1% crystalline admixture (CA) has complete crack closing ability and strength regaining capacity for water immersion and wet/dry cycle conditions

The article presents the results of the field studies of the coast-protection structures with the sloping face used in the water-storage reservoirs in Belarus. The most common protection of the coast and slopes, monolithic reinforced concrete or precast slabs, are considered. It was experimentally revealed, that as a result of opening the seams of the plates, the sand-gravel preparation is destroyed and washed out, the sinuses and niches in the body of the supporting structure, which leads to a significant processing of the soil slope, are formed. Field studies, as well as laboratory experiments, made it possible to establish the possibility of reinforcing the slope of the self-bridge of gravel particles by artificial means by dumping a soil with increased heterogeneity that has large fractional inclusions. The economic efficiency of the new type of fastening is shown

It is well known that color of skin contributes heavily, as a vital feature, to detection , recognition, as well as tracking of face and hand in video applications for human. This research presents the attempts to use skin color in the process of face detection in colored image. Skin detection is considered as priori. It mainly relies on H channel in HSV color models to characterize the skin colors range. The work presented prove applicability for different input human color images of different type and size.

Stripping is the separation of the asphalt cement film from the aggregate surface due to the action of moisture. In this study, limestone, uncrushed valley gravel, and basalt aggregates, asphalt cement (60/70), and anti-stripping additives: hydrated lime and a liquid additive polyamine were used. Marshall specimens with 6-8% air voids were prepared and divided into three groups; did not contain additives, contained lime dosages of (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0%) by weight of aggregate, and the third contained polyamine dosages of (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%) by weight of asphalt cement. Two types of saturation conditioning used: a medium degree (30% to 40%), and a high degree (60%-80%). A non-destructive test evaluates the stripping potential. The resilient modulus test was run using the Universal Testing Machine. Test results showed that limestone aggregate is superior to valley gravel and basalt. Wearing courses showed better stripping resistance than binder courses mixtures. In general, it found that 1.5 to 2.0% dosage of lime and 0.75 to 1% dosage of polyamine needed to restore the resilient modulus to its original value. It concluded that the most significant variable governs the stripping characteristics is the aggregate type. Anti-stripping agents were highly effective in cases where stripping potential is high. Resilience Modulus test (ASTM D 4867) could be used reliably to determine the optimum dosage of anti-stripping additives

Corex slag is an industrial by-product having sand size particle, which can be used for the improvement of soft clay. Due to the high compressibility of soft clay corex slag penetrates inside the clay. Terrazyme is a liquid enzyme extracted from vegetation, and it does have a cementitious property with cohesive soil. In this paper, an attempt is made for the appropriate proportion of corex slag and terrazyme treated soil for the highest strength of the blend. Experimental results show that an increase in terrazyme reduces OMC and increases MDD. 50% corex slag, 50% clay and 2% terrazyme by total weight of dry material give highest UCS value at 21 days of curing

A hydropower generation is an ancient but evergreen energy source that utilises mechanical energy of water strolling down from an elevated head to drive an electric generator thus producing electricity. Small Hydropower (SMH) turbines are rotated by a relatively low-pressure head and usually generates low energy output usually referred to as mini, micro or Pico energy range. Pelton Turbines are generally found to be amongst the most suitable for a low flow power generation. This study focuses on the design of a model Pico size Pelton Wheel modified to use the velocity of water harvested from rooftops during rainfall for the purpose of supplementing energy supply. By the design, the rainwater from the building rooflines are collected and passed through the downspouts into an elevated tank and then the height of the bottom of the tank gives the required head (pressure) to spin the microturbine and then generates a Pico level energy. The Pico size hydropower system directly connected to a small, variable speed, an electric generator which is capable of supplying the power needed for some minimal but very essential functions like charging handsets, mini gadgets and low energy lighting purposes. Specific design calculations, as well as analysis of the model Pico size energy system, was performed to ascertain the feasibility of the design meeting some specified energy needs, thus reducing energy poverty.

This paper reports the resilient modulus of stabilized subgrade soil for flexible pavement design using chemical stabilizer; Sodium Silicate (SiO2). SiO2 is a water based soil stabilizer which is currently being patented on application by Probase Manufacturing Sdn.Bhd. in stabilizing subgrade soil for low volume road construction. The resilient modulus of the stabilized subgrade soil; with particular variations values of additive content, dry density, moisture content and curing time were investigated. Repeated Triaxial load test was conducted on the stabilized subgrade soil, and the specimens were prepared with 100%, 95% and 90% of dry density, at optimum moisture content (WOpt), 3% dry of optimum (WOpt-3) and 3% wet of optimum (WOpt+3), and the amount of stabilizer used were 4%, 8% and 12% from dry density of the soil. It had been found that the density affects the resilient modulus of fine grained soil materials; however the magnitude of this effect is smaller compared to the effect of water (moisture). The addition of liquid SiO2 stabilizer improves the stiffness (resilient modulus) of the soil and consequently, the optimum concentration of the stabilizer is found to be 4% at 95% density with WOpt-3 for subgrade soil stabilization from KENLAYER program. The analysis was supported by Asphalt Institute (AI) Models which was used to predict the number of load cycle that lead to failure.

Geophysical survey involving electrical resistivity methods has been carried out at Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women. The investigation is carried out at two points in the study area. The schlumberger configuration was used for the data acquisition. The half currents electrode (2) used range from 1 to 100m. The depth sounding interpretation results were used to generate geo-electric sections from which the aquifer was delineated. The geo-electric section drawn from the results of the interpretation reveal four subsurface layer which comprises of the topsoil, weathered rock, fractured rock, hard rock. The fractured layers constituted in all the locations, it refers aquifer zone is available entire study area. Hence, from this investigation it is recommended that boreholes can be sited in high conductivity zones in Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) 1 & 2 as they contain probable aquifers. The depth of any borehole should be located between 7.4m and 21.7m to take advantage of the basement fractures.

The current study is concerned to produce empirical evidence of the reliability and validity of items using a survey questionnaire for factors of variation orders (VOs) in roadway construction projects, analyzed using Rasch analysis Model via Winstep software 3.72.3 104 questionnaire was distributed between professionals from government organizations, construction firms, and consulting firms which deals with JKR roadway projects in the north region of Malaysia (Penang State). The findings indicated that five Likert scales for the two constructs of the planning and design stage and construction stage were exceeded the recommended minimum number of responses of 20 The constructs validity was determined by PT-measure correlation value (PMC) for 11 items range from 0.24 to 0.54 for the construct of the design and planning phase, except one item was 0.17 While the construction phase construct, PTmeasure correlation value (PMC) for 13 items range from 0.19 to 0.55, except three items were 0.11; 0.15; 0.17, which means below 0.19. In unidimensional measure, for the construct of the planning and design stage, raw variance explained was 53.6% with the unexplained variance in the first factor was 9.0%. Meanwhile, for the construction stage construct, raw variance explained was 57.5% with the unexplained variance in the first factor was at 8.7%. The results of the summary statistic indicate that items reliability for both constructs were 0.99. Otherwise, the items separation index of planning and design stage was 8 (8.71). Meanwhile, for the construction stage, it was 9 (9.93).

The space of the building consists of various parts such as floor and wall. In addition, the elements that make up the building space are also made of various materials. Building materials are being actively developed as the required functions and performance of buildings are diversified. In recent construction projects, clients and users are presenting specific and diverse requirements. Thus, the importance of decision-making for the selection of building element design made of building materials is emphasized. In practice, however, the function and performance required for the building are not fully taken into consideration when selecting the building element design. There is also lack of objective criteria and data for selecting of major building element design. Previous studies have been conducted using fuzzy theory, analytical hierarchy process and case-based reasoning to select major building element design. These previous studies were conducted on the selection of specific building element design such as floor and wall. In practice, however, it is difficult to use each of the selection models developed through previous studies when selecting the major building element designs. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop a method that can be used in common when selecting the major building element designs. This study presents general selection method of building element design which is easy to use in practice. In order to verify the consistency of the selection method of building element design proposed in this study, it was applied to the floor of residential building.

This study utilized the receptor model using high volume sampler filter paper situated in Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan before and after the flood event to determine the source of the dust sources. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed and it was concluded that there exist statistically significant different (P<0.05) for particulate matter (PM10) concentration before and after the flood event at the study area. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that there are three Principle Components (PCs) associated with four main chemical profile sources; soil crustal, vehicle exhaust, marine aerosol and secondary aerosol. PC-1 presented high factor loading for Na+ , Ca2+, K + , NO3- , SO4 2- , that accounted for 42% of the total particulate originated from soil and vehicle exhaust. 18.4% for PC-2 representing marine aerosol, characterized by high loading of marine composition such as Na+ , Cl- , and Mg2+. NH4 + presents strong correlation with PC-3 indicating secondary aerosol sources (10.3%) in the atmosphere. Comprehensive land clearing management particularly in the highland area of Kelantan by the state government and systematic coordination of automobile movement for flood relief missions should be enforced to reduce the airborne particulate where it is widely known that high level of suspended particulate can give adverse effects to human health.

The paper justifies the waterproofing technology for the waste storage conservation. The studied residuals of copper ore enrichment can be insulated with a mixture of processed secondary polymers. The existing methods of waste storage waterproofing are reviewed. The paper presents the results of full-scale monitoring of the quality of surface and groundwater affected by the tailings of the Gaisky Mining and Processing Plant. The determined chemical composition of enrichment waste is described. Physical and mechanical properties of recycled polymers are investigated. The proposed technology of covering with a waterproofing coating can be applied to preserve technogenic deposits aiming at their future mining, as well as to ensure the environmental safety of newly designed facilities. The implementation of this technique will improve the local environmental situation and reduce migration of hazardous substances as a result of seepage, thus reducing the pollution of natural waters.

The traditional market is identical as a place of sale and purchase that become source of waste pollution. Given the importance of the role and existence of traditional markets, it is necessary to create a traditional market environment that is environmentally friendly, comfortable, clean and provide user satisfactions both of the traders and buyers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of traditional market policies in solid waste management in the Minulyo Traditional Market (MTM), Pacitan Regency, Indonesia. The total waste generated from buying and selling activities in MTM reaches 6.5 m3 or 600 kg/day consisting of organic waste of 5.25 m3 or 550 kg. Waste management in Pacitan Regency has been regulated by Pacitan Regency Government through regulation Number 1 of year 2011 concerning waste management. The distribution of waste in the MTM is by placing various small solid waste places in each strategic market place. Then periodically the solid waste from the place is taken to a temporary treatment station (TTS) beside the market. In TTS, solid waste was sorted by category. The organic solid waste was processed into compost. The results of this compost were distributed in the city park in Pacitan Regency to fertilize the plants. Solid waste that has economic properties such as bottles of mineral water, cardboard and certain types of plastic were collected for sale. While, solid waste residue was transferred to the final treatment station (FTS).

Human beings with power of senses (?awas) for the purpose of feeling through seeing, touching, smelling, hearing and tasting with the aids of major organs of man, ranging from eye, hand, nose, ear and tongue or mouth. It is with this power of sense that human beings are raised in status and position above all other animals.. However, Qur’an addresses its significance in relation to human beings and building of their characters. Suratul-Baqarah is one of the chapters of the Qur’an that discusses that. Out of these senses; hearings and sights or visual and audio are very significant that are worthy of study in this paper. It suggests that, apart from old age that can cause damage to the brain, wrong characters to include rebellion to instructions of Allah usually lead to its dysfunction. According to the SuratulBaqarah, the combination of the two sensitive organs of hearing and seeing helps greatly in grasp knowledge and characters building. Conclusively, Suratul-Baqarah plays substantive role in building human characters. Characters like sincerity, uprightness, trust, righteousness etc.

Business process models represent a blueprint for all kinds of stakeholders in the enterprise environment. In fact, they are subject of many interpretations according to the purposes, which they serve, i.e. understanding how work is done for business analysts, designing to-be systems for software developers, implementing and mining for process managers, etc. Therefore, business process models have to be of high quality in order to reflect the convenient information for all the organization’s stakeholders. Assessing the pragmatic quality of such models by modelers helps to reduce the misunderstood risk. In this paper, we present an overview of the quality metrics used to evaluate the quality of business process models. This work focuses on accreditation processes in higher education modeled with Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN), which complexities are evaluated by using a set of selected quality metrics

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in modern construction practice due to its relatively low tensile resistance, concrete tends to experience tensile failure and cracking under external loads. To enhance the tensile performance of concrete material possible solution is including steel mesh reinforcement in concrete along with partial replacement of M-sand by Copper slag. The fresh properties of concrete mixes were studied by conducting slump cone test. The hardened properties such as compressive, tensile and flexural strength were carried out for 3,7,28 days. Both flexural strength and tensile strength was in increased for placing 2- layer mesh in concrete. Compressive, tensile and tensile strength of concrete mix is increased with increase in percentage of replacement of copper slag. Also, strength of steel mesh reinforced concrete with different percentage of copper slag was determined. It was reported that compressive strength and tensile strength was increased for 20% replacement of copper slag and flexural strength was increased for 30% replacement of copper slag

A hospital’s emergency department (ED) is responsible to treat patients in an immediate and fastest response as possible. However, the ED management faces greater challenge with patients overcrowd caused by long waiting time for each patient to receive treatment and eventually increased each patient’s length of stay in the ED area. Any wrong decision made to overcome this problem may lead to a more serious problem in the future. This study presents a proposed simulation model framework to analyse the actual operation in an ED of a public hospital in Malaysia. The model is able to help the ED management to better understand daily operations of the department and how it affected by the level of resource capacity

This article concerns the evaluation of the performance of seawater reverse osmosis desalination units at the Laayoune station. The use of water for food purposes requires excellent physicochemical quality. To contribute to the control of water quality. Water treated by reverse osmosis is aggressive and demineralize cannot be used directly as a source of drinking water. The objective of this work is to study the physicochemical analyzes of the raw water (Atlantic Seawater) and treated water (produced water) of the Laayoune seawater desalination plant (SDL) located in the south of Morocco. For this, we have followed several qualitative parameters such as pH, Conductivity, Chloride, Sulfates, Alkalinity, Calcium, Turbidity. The water produced by the desalment station at Laayoune is in accordance with Moroccan and WHO standards and is therefore suitable for human nutrition.

The study took place to assess the legal position on online divorce in Jordan as well as the country’s E-transaction and Personal Status Laws. That spread of the Internet and different kinds of services made possible by it has enabled users to take different legal actions, including divorce, through the Internet whether they accord with Jordan’s E-transaction and Personal Status Laws or not. The research concluded that Jordanian legislators have recognized this kind of divorce in legislation despite the contradiction between Jordan’s E-transaction and Personal Status Laws. The researcher recommends to Jordan’s legislators to amend the Personal Status Law to fix this contradiction.

Bali Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on Spatial Planning for Bali regulates the radius sacred space of the Uluwatu Temple as far as 5 km. This is contrary to the social and cultural realities of the Pecatu village community. In reality, a radius of 5 km is not possible to be designated as an space that is not built because the people of Pecatu Village have had customary law rules that existed before Bali Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on Spatial Planning for Bali was established. Indigenous people have the belief that the Uluwatu Temples sacred space is the Uluwatu Temple forest. There was a conflict between the state law and the customary law of the Pecatu Village community. This research is an empirical legal research using a multidisciplinary approach where the application of law is juxtaposed with the use of a geographical information system (GIS) to determine the reality of the development of the sacred space of the Uluwatu Temple. This research raises two issues, namely the reality of the law governing the sacred space of the Uluwatu Temple, and the results of mapping the sacred space of Uluwatu Temple by using a geographical information system (GIS). The results showed that not only the state law was in the form ofBali Provincial Regulation No. 16 of 2009 on Spatial Planning for Bali, but there were also customary laws of the Pecatu Village community which regulated the space of the temple of Uluwatu Temple. In reality, based on the results of mapping the built space in the space of the sacred space of Uluwatu Temple, it shows that the rules of the indigenous people of Pecatu Village who have a perception that the sacred space of Uluwatu Temple is the Uluwatu Temple forest is more acceptable because the space has not been built either in the form of residential or tourism accommodation

The requirements to declare bankrupt debtors as stipulated in Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law, Number 37 of 2004, concerning Bankruptcy and Delay of Debt Payment Obligations do not provide further understanding regarding the comparison of debtor assets and total debt that is due and does not regulate the existence of debt conditions unable to pay or insolvency as a condition that debtors can be bankrupt so Indonesian Bankruptcy Law tends to protect the interests of creditors who want to access all debtor property and close opportunities for debtors who are still solvent but have financial difficulties to run their business because they are decided to go bankrupt curator. The other side of bankruptcy arrangements is based on various principles, one of the principles that become a reference is the principle of business continuity. This principle states that a decision on bankruptcy must consider the continuity of the company or business entity that can still be maintained. These two different side rules give rise to what is known as inclusion. One side provides flexibility for bankruptcy applications, the other side provides leeway to not easily declare the debtor to be bankrupt. To explain these regulatory problems, the researcher conducted prescriptive normative legal research by analyzing Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Delaying Obligations of Debt Payments. The restructuring justice-based business continuity principles should be described (concretized) on positive legal norms in legal instruments testing the ability of debtors to pay debts (insolvency test) in the context of legal protection for debtors and settlement of disputes in commercial courts is reformulation of insolvency test regulations that need to be amended in the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations which regulates the requirement to declare bankruptcy debtors in the framework of improving the Bankruptcy Law in the future, therefore the Bankruptcy Law should regulate matters as follows: (1) An addition of requirement for the creditor numbers with falling debt, there are two or more creditors debts whose debts have matured and can be billed; (2) An additions of the minimum amount of debt that can be requested; (3 ) An application of capability testing debtor to settle the debt (Insolvency Test) in bankruptcy; (4) The broad definition of debt in the Bankruptcy Law requires complex proofs; (5) An appointment of expert consultants team; (6) An authority of the Commercial Court Judge in the insolvency test and (7) The need to reorganize the increasing of the prospective company value.

Various criteria for measuring poverty lead to an interpretation that poverty is deliberately raised as a sustainable project. This is seen from the use of food expenditure criteria, statistical central agencies, world banks and others. As a result, confuses local government when there is assistance from the central government. The central government is guided by the poverty rate produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics, while the local government uses the National Family Planning Coordinating Board, and this uniformity also creates conflict with local communities. The research was conducted in Bogor District. Population is three villages, and than sample three is 122 samples. The Research shows that according to the World Banks poor criteria are 87.5% and 23.3% are not poor, whereas according to the criteria of poor Food Expenditure 93.8% and 12.2% are not poor. Meanwhile, according to the criteria of poor Professor Sayogyo are 96.9% and 5.6% are not poor

Water Source is an important feature of all. In India, water sources like pond, lakes, canals, etc. in many areas satisfy various demands i.e. manly irrigation and other demands of drinking, etc., rearing and ground water recharge. In India, many of water sources recently have been lost due to man-made activities and many of remaining water sources are in stress due to risk of degradation. Throughout the world, many water sources are effecting from various kind of pollutants from industrial, urban and agricultural development. Water sources like canals, tanks and ponds are well constructed to harvest rainwater for various local uses; it may be drinking or agriculture purposes. Water sources serve many environmental functions including flood and soil erosion control and are useful for irrigation, supply of drinking water and ground water recharge. In this present study about 295 ground water samples were collected in twenty four mandals, covering entire region of Guntur District. To know the suitability and quality of ground water for irrigation purposes parameters were analyzed as Electrical Conductivity, pH, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate , Sulphates, , Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Fluorides, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Nitrates and Ionic ratios of Ca/Mg , Ca/Na, Mg/Na, Ca/SO4, Mg/HCO3 , and to suggested various required control and management techniques to make water for better utilization

Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) is generated as a combustion by-product from the boilers of sugar factories. This work deals with assessing the feasibility of using Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a partial replacement for cement in mortar. Characterization of SCBA (SEM and chemical composition) demonstrated the high pozzolanic nature of SCBA. Masonry mortar of grade MM3 was considered for trial mix. The cement was partially replaced with 10%, 15% and 20% of the SCBA. The fresh properties of mortar mixes were assessed by conducting flow table test. It was observed that, flow values decrease with increase in percentage of replacement of cement by SCBA. The impact of bagasse ash content as a partial replacement of cement has been investigated on physical and mechanical properties of hardened mortar including compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. For the compressive strength three sizes of cubes and 150x300 mm cylinder were used. The split tensile strength was determined using the cylindrical specimen of size 150x300mm and the flexural strength of mortar was determined using the specimen of size 40x40x160 mm. Mortar mix of MM3 grade with compressive strength between 3 and 5 MPa were produced

Due to the advent of modern technologies, in the field of textile industry, the anthropogenic dyes and pigments play a major role. Dyes and pigments create the pleasing effects on the cloth materials. Apart from that, they create the waste and pollute both the surface and subsurface sources of water. The presence of residual color, high levels of electrolytes, toxic substances e.g., metals and unreacted raw materials in dye application processes produce wastewater that poses unacceptable environmental risks. In the case of textile dyeing operations, the concerns raised can arise from incomplete dye bath exhaustion and the presence of dyeing auxiliaries and metal ions that are toxic to aquatic life. Contamination of drinking water has become a major challenge to the Environmentalist in the rapid developing countries. By mapping using the Decision Support system like GIS can be useful for taking quick decision as graphical representation would be easy to take decision by the policy makers. A water quality index expresses overall water quality data at a particular location and time based on various water quality parameters. The main objective of a water quality index is to turn complex water quality data into information and it is used by the public

This paper is concerned with lightweight fiber reinforced concrete (LWFC). Experimental mixtures are carried out with varying levels of silica, fly ash, superior plastic, foam agent, carbon fiber and polypropylene. Four trail mixtures were tested for optimum mix due to low density and high strength. Fresh and solid properties are tested for the best combination of lightweight concrete reinforced with all fibers

E-commerce has grown to become one of the most widely used approaches for engaging in trade of various forms. Unfortunately, this diversity and popularity has been abused in numerous ways by malicious individuals. More and more customers of online auction sites have fallen victims of fraudulent activities perpetrated by these malicious parties. This article presents and discusses a practical implementation of secure sealed-bid auction system with cryptography being its backbone. A number of proposed auction schemes which fueled the motivation for this work are also discussed

This paper aims to determine a legal issues on taxpayer financial information by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT). This study is normative legal research. This method is used to conduct analysis of laws and regulations, jurisprudence, and legal literature. The research approach used is the approach of the Act (statute approach) and the conceptual approach. The conclusion of this research is Law Number 9 of 2017 gives authority to the Director General of Taxes in terms of management of financial records that is submitted or deposited by financial services institutions, especially banking institutions. Sanctions given by law for banks and tax officers who leak customer records to third parties or who are not interested will be punished in accordance with the provisions in Article 41 of Law Number 6 of 1983 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures.

This research assesses the relevance of construction site operative training in Nigeria with a view to reducing construction sites accident. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, where snowballing and random sampling techniques were used to select the construction company and the respondents. Respondents to be sampled were drawn from the list of professionals in the built environments such as Architect, Quantity surveyors, Builder and the Engineers and site operatives such as skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled labors and operators working with each construction company. 176 copies of questionnaires were distributed out of which 132 was completely filled and returned, representing 75% response rate. Returned data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 21.0. The result revealed that Been hit by falling objects, exposed to extreme temperature, falls from height above ground, stepping on sharp objects and slip and fall on the ground were among the five top health and safety related accident on construction site in Oyo State. It also revealed that reduce construction site accidents, helps organization to manage health and safety better, helps operatives to be more knowledgeable and conversant with safety practices, were the foremost importance of operative training. The study concludes that in order to reduce the menace of incessant accidents on construction sites it is pertinent to engage frequent training and retraining of site operatives on safety practices. The study recommends that construction industry should include in their priority list training and retraining of their operatives in health and safety practice.

Water is the vital source for living. Water supply is an essential part of urban infrastructure. Water distribution system plays a vital role in supplying water to households for everyday use. A good water distribution system ensures minimal loss of water during supply. Due to various causes the performance of a water distribution system gets deteriorated which leads to wastage of water. It is necessary to evaluate the performance of every water distribution system at regular intervals to ensure efficient supply of water. The study focuses in evaluating a water distribution system with the help of reliability analysis. A water distribution system comprises of nodes and pipes with an overhead tank. Using EPANET, the hydraulic aspects such as pressure, flow in each node and pipe are determined. Demand adjusted Epanet analysis for 24 hr is simulated and calibrated with field values. Demand pattern is given based on peak usage timings. With these hydraulic aspects reliability analysis is done and reliability of each node was deduced. Reliability helps in identifying the nodes which are less reliable and vulnerable. The overall evaluation resulted in 40 vulnerable nodes among 247 nodes in WDS. The vulnerable nodes with poor reliability are found in Lakshmi nagar, Nesavalar nagar and Om Sakthi nagar along M.G.R Street and Manakula Vinayagar Street. These nodes are to be addressed as soon as possible. It is recommended to have a booster pumps in these areas to improve the performance of water distribution system.

Damping is one of the significant way of isolating vibration or remoteness of oscillation in a platform structure system which is usually carried out to reduce the effect of loads on the system and entire platform structures from been damages. The area of focus of this research work is to investigate the effects of damping and nondamping system on a platform structure and to analyze the effects of wave load on periodic support of isolation system. The platform on offshore was considered as area of focus to investigate the performance of the suggested mitigation system of oscillation about an equilibrium point for offshore platform. This work study will examined the value of parameter and modeling the fitting of an intermittent strut on offshore platform to enhance isolation system due to its attenuations ability over broad frequencies was presented. It was observed that the peak acceleration of the platform and the peak displacement on the platform under wave load excitation gave maximum periodic effects at minimum inter-structure drift and verse versa.

This study deals with finding the potential of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) in concrete as a partial replacement for cement and its behavior when subjected to elevated temperature. The concrete mix is designed for M 30 grade as per IS 10262:2009. The cement is partially replaced by 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% SCBA by its weight. The concrete mix demands more amount of chemical admixture as the percentage replacement increases in order to attain the desired slump. At room temperature the compressive strength decreases with increase in percentage replacement and was found that at 10% replacement the desired strength of 30MPa is achieved. The split tensile strength is found to increase at 10% replacement. Besides a series of specimens examined at room temperature, the concrete specimens were subjected to 200?, 400?, and 600? for a retention period of 1 hour. It was observed that the loss in strength at 10% replacement was more compared to 20% replacement. The findings strongly endorse that bagasse ash when used as a supplementary cementing admixture, imparts resistance to concrete at elevated temperature

From the date of declaration of independence of Kazakhstan, the tourism sector is also given special importance among the sectors that are most important ones. In Kazakhstan, tourism seems to have developed rapidly, especially after the declaration of independence, and is trying to gain a place in the international tourism sector. The aim of the work in this context is to test whether there is a relationship between tourism and export revenues and to identify the possible contribution of this sector to exportbased economic growth. Thus, between 1995 and 2018, the time series for the variables consisting of tourism revenues, GDP, export and service exports revenues were examined using the Multiple Regression Statistics. Correlation and regression analysis allowed us to obtain statistically significant and predictable regression model for TR dependence on Export and Service exports

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is becoming a popular choice in concrete industry dye to ease of placement in congested reinforcements, reduced labor and equipment, no segregation character and smooth surface. Fly ash has been used in producing SCC which increases filling and passing ability of concrete. The present study was carried out to check the optimum dosage of super plasticizer which influence on fresh properties of self-compacting concrete, the super plasticizers are varied from 0.5% to 1.75%. And also to check the fresh and hardened properties of sisal fiber reinforced SCC with different percentage of fiber addition. The materials were mixed with 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% addition of fiber in M30 mix design and casted in cubes, beams and cylinders. The obtained specimens were subjected to test the compressive, flexure and split tensile strength. Compressive, flexure and split tensile strengths of the specimens were analyzed for 7 and 28 days of curing.

Due to the economic, cultural, and political capital of Iraq with its very high population of about 10 million around 25% of Iraqs population. besides its subjection to frequent earthquakes in the last decade, this study tries to assess the factor of safety against liquefaction potential indices (LPI) for the most awful seismic situations under the effect of seismic loading during earthquakes. LPI was used in Baghdad, Iraq to assess liquefaction severity at a specific location, combines depth, cumulative thickness of liquefiable intervals, and factor of safety of liquefiable intervals into a single parameter. Although the simplified procedure is used to compute the factor of safety in LPI, the advantage of LPI over the simplified procedure is that it predicts the performance of the whole soil column as opposed to a single soil element. Liquefaction hazard maps for the area were prepared by conducting 200 SPT soundings in the study area and computing values of LPI for earthquake magnitudes 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, and 6.5. The values of LPI are ranging from 0 to 200 (but mainly in the range 1 – , with higher values located near Tigris River. The correlations indicate that the severity of liquefaction increases with increasing LPI. Cumulative distributions of LPI were then compiled for each geologic unit. The cumulative percentage of each unit with LPI>5 indicates the proportion of the area underlain by the unit that will exhibit surface manifestations of liquefaction. It was found that LPI is generally effective in predicting moderate-to-severe liquefaction manifestations, but its utility diminishes for predicting less severe manifestations. The LPI is inversely proportional to the F.S. and the depth of the saturated layer, the higher the index, the greater the potential of liquefaction. Although Iraq is apparently safe from seismic hazards, but seismic observations indicate else. Earthquakes are likely to happen and may cause substantial damage. Thus, it is vital to take into account seismic parameters in future design of large buildings.

The production of heavy metal waste from industrial activities has become a significant concern for decades. Since heavy metal possesses non-biodegradable characteristic, the reusability of metal waste without harming the environment is highly demanded. This paper reviews the incorporation of heavy metal into clay precursors as a great potential for pollution reduction. The leaching test carried out in many studies shows the reduction of heavy metal’s effects towards the environment when incorporating into clay precursors as heavy metal is immobilized and formed crystalline structure after the thermal treatment. From the reviewed literature, it is found that the immobilization process successfully stabilizing heavy metal and increases the metal’s resistance against the acidic attack through the formation of low permeable structure in the clay precursors

At present, in terms of technical and economic indicators, concrete and reinforced concrete are, and will remain in the future, the main structural materials, and occupy a priority position in the overall structure of world production of building products

This research aimed to investigating the effect of the seventh discussion paper of His Majesty King Abdullah II Bin Al-Hussein as a roadmap for reforming education in Jordan and ensuring the quality of its outputs This research discussed the current situation of education in Jordan and the pillars of the roadmap for reforming education and ensuring the quality of its outputs. On the other hand, this research concluded that axes of educational reform in Jordan are: curricula, especially standards – based curricula, teacher and teaching learning environment. Currently, Jordan finding ways to improve stabilize, and merge Jordanian cultural uniqueness is a fundamental focus of education policy. Although embracing of any inclusive education reform is difficult, lengthy, and sometimes expensive, the rewards can be significant. It is inspiring that many recent signs indicate Jordanian education is concerned in reform, making plans and creating new policies to improve education. Has inferences for theory, policy, and practice in a variety of ways, and its findings could enlighten the way fit back into the big picture of Jordanian reform. A large portion of the study’s significance stems from discovering what amendments may be needed to successfully adapt e-learning to work within the unique context of Jordanian education

The human reliability in construction activities plays a key role in safe and timely execution of the project. Construction is a skill and attitude based activity with good awareness and knowledge on hazards. The infrastructure projects are like high ways, bridges, rapid mass transport, power, oil and gas, railways, airports, etc. which are the indicators of the progress and development of economy of any nation. The construction industry is one of the largest employer globally. The dynamic nature and short term of work, high mobility of work force, low literacy level, communication barriers, etc are the biggest challenges to the safe performance and human reliability in construction industry. The main objective of the study is to identify the Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) and their influence on safety performance and human reliability. The study was mainly focused on different categories of work force and on the overview of human performance in construction activities in six large –scale infrastructure projects located in different places in India representative of a total of about 10,000 personnel over a period of 4 years. The questionnaire survey, work site observations, interviews, discussions, etc. based on human practices, organization and management methods, stressors, etc. were conducted at different sites. The empirical, exploratory, qualitative and quantitative research approaches with triangulation method were used to assimilate and analyze the survey data. The human performance elements are factored and modeled in the study. The study has categorized human, organisational and work environment factors, reviewed and considered relevant case studies, identified elements that affect human behaviour and reliability. The outcome of this comprehensive study is to develop a state-of-the-art assessment model for the influences / impact of performance shaping factors and reduce human error during construction in order to enhance the culture of quality safety and reliability in infrastructure projects.

Determination of proper landfill site involves multiple disciplines. The landfills contain a large quantity of solid waste. The management of solid waste (MSW) necessitates the involvement of different stakeholders. In this paper, we aim to determine the appropriate landfill site at the level of the municipality of Ajdir in the province of Al Hoceima Morocco. We take into consideration the opinions of the stakeholders. Based on environmental, socio-cultural and economic criteria. For this purpose, we used in this paper two multi-criteria analysis methods. The Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). First, we created the database GIS related to the study area. Next, this data was processed to determine the landfill sites that respect the stakeholders priorities and exclusion criteria. Then, a multi-criteria analysis by AHP method was carried out. This analysis took into consideration the stakeholders priorities and criteria. Next, using AHP method, a comparison was made between the landfill sites available. This comparison was based on the priority of the criteria. It simplified the classification of the landfill sites from the most favorable to unfavorable site in the study area.

Water is a natural resource essential to life and sometimes a determining factor in the socio-economic development of a country or region, as in the arid province of Tan-Tan, where groundwater is characterized by scarcity and its spatial and temporal irregularity combined with excessive mineralization. Water resource management is a major problem for the economic development of this Sahrawi region, which will serve a growing population in urban and rural areas in the coming years. In this study, several lineament extraction techniques were applied to optical image data from the Sentinel 2 sensor and Alos Palsar Radar sensor including different types of enhancement, as well as the application of different directional filters to PCA products derived from the original images. The extracted lineaments were evaluated in the areas geoscientific database (bibliographic syntheses, survey data and field surveys) and clearly show the dominance of the NE-SW direction, which is the major direction detected by the N45° filter, whose frequency is very high. Statistical analyses were also carried out to determine the lengths and densities of the lineaments. These new documents will allow a better understanding of the fracturing - water circulation relationship, and the identification of recharge and mineralization zones, and will also allow the orientation of hydrogeological prospecting

The aim of the study were to analysis the effect of the organizational commitment model of principal built on associative causal relationships between exogenous variables and endogenous variables to be adaptively implemented in junior high school in Medan, the effect of transformational leadership directly on the job satisfaction, organizational culture directly on the job satisfaction, transformational leadership directly on the achievement motivation, the organizational culture directly on the achievement motivation, transformational leadership directly on the organizational commitment, the organizational culture directly on the organizational commitment, job satisfaction directly on the organizational commitment, and the achievement motivation directly on the organizational commitment. The research was carried out in 2018 with sample of 197 principals of junior high school in Medan City, selected proportional random sampling. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Based on those findings it could be concluded that any changing or variation which occurred at principals organizational commitment might have been effected by transformational leadership, organizational culture, job satisfaction, and achievement motivation. Thus, it can be stated that the better transformational leadership, the stronger the organizational culture, the better job satisfaction, and the higher was the achievement motivation, the higher the principals organizational commitment of junior high school in Medan City.

The enclosures of the historic cities are important constituents of the heritage built in Morocco. These historical monuments enrich the history, architecture and culture of the country. The development of this patrimony and its preservation requires serious and tireless efforts on the part of all. The Salé enclosure is considered among the oldest Islamic defensive works in Morocco. Unfortunately, it is not highlighted and is in a state of advanced degradation that threatens its existence. It suffers from structural pathologies whose main causes are humidity and anthropogenic factors. The objective of this article is the visual diagnosis of this enclosure, the inventory of the different pathologies and the possible causes. This diagnosis will later focus, on the case study of the existing rectangular towers on this enclosure, the main pathologies that affect them and the evaluation of conservation states implemented for the preservation of this heritage.

Alexandria city in Egypt is one of important cities in the Mediterranean coast. Alexandria suffers from many erosion problems along its coastline. The shore line of Alexandria beach was studied using remote senescing and field data. A case study of a submerged breakwater, which was constructed at Alexandria beach to stabilize the eroded beach of Miami - Montaza areas in years 2000 to 2016, is presented. The data of Alexandria beach were provided by Landsat7 satalite and proccseed by software program ERDAS IMAGINE 2013 which gives high resolution of the studied area. Then the shorelines were digitized by using software ARC GIS 10.1. This study introduce the shoreline response due to the construction of the submerged breakwater using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). The analysis shows shoreline accretion along most areas of Miamy - Asafra - Mandara - Montaza beach with range from 1 to 20 meter per year. The shoreline erosion exist at eastern part of Asafra beach and western part of Mandara beach with range from -1.5 to -10 meter per year. A beach width varied from 30 to 55 m compared to 0.0 to 25 m before the submerged breakwater. Shoreline change prediction model for coastal zone at Mimi to Montaza beach in years 2020, 2030, and 2050 is estimated according to DSAS settings and Linear regression rate. It was observed that during 2016-2050 the accretion distance along the coastline of Miami to montaza beach was varied between (5- 60) m. Also the predicted shoreline indicates that the erosion will take place in the Montaza beach with distance varied between (20) m.